He aimed to predict the next 3 h using hourly historical stock data. The accuracy results ranged from That study also built a stock trading simulator to test the model on real-world stock trading activity. With that simulator, he managed to make profit in all six stock domains with an average of 6. Nelson et al. They used technical indicators i. They compared their model with a baseline consisting of multilayer perceptron, random forest, and pseudo-random models.
The accuracy of LSTM for different stocks ranged from 53 to They concluded that LSTM performed significantly better than the baseline models, according to the Kruskal—Wallis test. They investigated many different aspects of the stock market and found that LSTM was very successful for predicting future prices for that type of time-series data. They also compared LSTM with more traditional machine learning tools to show its superior performance.
Similarly, Di Persio and Honchar applied LSTM and two other traditional neural network based machine learning tools to future price prediction. They also analyzed ensemble-based solutions by combining results obtained using different tools. In addition to traditional exchanges, many studies have also investigated Forex. Some studies of Forex based on traditional machine learning tools are discussed below.
Galeshchuk and Mukherjee investigated the performance of a convolutional neural network CNN for predicting the direction of change in Forex. That work used basic technical indicators as inputs. Ghazali et al. To predict exchange rates, Majhi et al. They demonstrated that those new networks were more robust and had lower computational costs compared to an MLP trained with back-propagation.
In what is commonly called a mark-to-market approach, market prices are increasingly being used to calibrate models to quantify risk in several sectors. The net present value of a financial institution, for example, is an important input for estimating both bankruptcy risk e. In such a context, stock price crashes not only dramatically damage the capital market but also have medium-term adverse effects on the financial sector as a whole Wen et al. Credit risk is a major factor in financial shocks.
Therefore, a realistic appraisal of solvency needs to be an objective for banks. At the level of the individual borrower, credit scoring is a field in which machine learning methods have been used for a long time e. In one recent work, Shen et al. They were able to show that deep learning approaches outperformed traditional methods. Even though LSTM is starting to be used in financial markets, using it in Forex for direction forecasting between two currencies, as proposed in the present work, is a novel approach.
Forex preliminaries Forex has characteristics that are quite different from those of other financial markets Archer ; Ozorhan et al. To explain Forex, we start by describing how a trade is made. If the ratio of the currency pair increases and the trader goes long, or the currency pair ratio decreases and the trader goes short, the trader will profit from that transaction when it is closed.
Otherwise, the trader not profit. When the position closes i. When the position closes with a ratio of 1. Furthermore, these calculations are based on no leverage. If the trader uses a leverage value such as 10, both the loss and the gain are multiplied by Here, we explain only the most important ones. Base currency, which is also called the transaction currency, is the first currency in the currency pair while quote currency is the second one in the pair.
Being long or going long means buying the base currency or selling the quote currency in the currency pair. Being short or going short means selling the base currency or buying the quote currency in the currency pair. In general, pip corresponds to the fourth decimal point i. Pipette is the fractional pip, which corresponds to the fifth decimal point i.
In other words, 1 pip equals 10 pipettes. Leverage corresponds to the use of borrowed money when making transactions. A leverage of indicates that if one opens a position with a volume of 1, the actual transaction volume will be After using leverage, one can either gain or lose times the amount of that volume. Margin refers to money borrowed by a trader that is supplied by a broker to make investments using leverage. Bid price is the price at which the trader can sell the base currency.
Ask price is the price at which the trader can buy the base currency. Spread is the difference between the ask and bid prices. A lower spread means the trader can profit from small price changes. Spread value is dependent on market volatility and liquidity. Stop loss is an order to sell a currency when it reaches a specified price. This order is used to prevent larger losses for the trader.
Take profit is an order by the trader to close the open position transaction for a gain when the price reaches a predefined value. This order guarantees profit for the trader without having to worry about changes in the market price. Market order is an order that is performed instantly at the current price. Swap is a simultaneous buy and sell action for the currency at the same amount at a forward exchange rate.
This protects traders from fluctuations in the interest rates of the base and quote currencies. If the base currency has a higher interest rate and the quote currency has a lower interest rate, then a positive swap will occur; in the reverse case, a negative swap will occur.
Fundamental analysis and technical analysis are the two techniques commonly used for predicting future prices in Forex. While the first is based on economic factors, the latter is related to price actions Archer Fundamental analysis focuses on the economic, social, and political factors that can cause prices to move higher, move lower, or stay the same Archer ; Murphy These factors are also called macroeconomic factors.
Technical analysis uses only the price to predict future price movements Kritzer and Service This approach studies the effect of price movement. Technical analysis mainly uses open, high, low, close, and volume data to predict market direction or generate sell and buy signals Archer It is based on the following three assumptions Murphy : Market action discounts everything. Price moves in trends. History repeats itself. Chart analysis and price analysis using technical indicators are the two main approaches in technical analysis.
While the former is used to detect patterns in price charts, the latter is used to predict future price actions Ozorhan et al. LSTM is a recurrent neural network architecture that was designed to overcome the vanishing gradient problem found in conventional recurrent neural networks RNNs Biehl Errors between layers tend to vanish or blow up, which causes oscillating weights or unacceptably long convergence times.
In this way, the architecture ensures constant error flow between the self-connected units Hochreiter and Schmidhuber The memory cell of the initial LSTM structure consists of an input gate and an output gate. While the input gate decides which information should be kept or updated in the memory cell, the output gate controls which information should be output. This standard LSTM was extended with the introduction of a new feature called the forget gate Gers et al.
The forget gate is responsible for resetting a memory state that contains outdated information. These traders explore the potential of the online trading market, and seize all the possible opportunities available to them. So, why is Forex the best market to trade? There are many reasons, and we are going to explore all of them, but before we jump into it, let us first explore a brief history of the Forex market.
What is the Forex Market in ? Forex, also known as the foreign exchange market or FX , is the largest and the most liquid market in the world. Its retail part came with the development of the Internet. This enabled retail clients to trade Forex online via various trading platforms. Forex opened its doors to retail clients in the late s.
At this time, the first retail online brokers began their operations. Forex, as a market had been functioning for decades before that, but it only accepted institutional clients. But why is the Forex market so large? Large multinational trade companies, financial institutions, hedge funds, and lots of other companies require foreign currencies to operate their businesses. For those unaware, one currency is bought online for another currency, and this creates quite a reasonable flow of funds.
In other words, Forex is the global marketplace for trading currencies. The truth is, Forex has a lot to offer for all types of traders, and there are plenty of reasons to trade Forex online. The main reasons why Forex is the top market to trade are explained in detail below. Not every point will be applicable to your needs, or your trading strategy, yet most traders define the following reasons as answers to the question of why Forex is the best market for trading online.
Volatility How do traders make money online? The mechanics behind trading are rather simple. You are acquiring an asset for a favorable price, and you expect to get rid of this asset. The more volatile the market is, the more opportunities there are to acquire and get rid of the assets you have. As you may already understand, if the market is not moving, holding onto your capital in it makes little sense. Volatility in the Forex market is great, and you can regularly expect to see a price move for around pips on one of the major currency pairs on almost any day of the week.
This amounts to a potential loss or gain of , USD, if one lot or , currency units is traded, and the quoted currency is USD. Traders always search for volatile markets and volatile instruments, this is why volatility is one of the main benefits of the Forex market.
Accessibility While volatility is quite important and truly tells us why Forex is the best market to trade, we should never disregard accessibility. Even though Forex is volatile, and it is possible to catch lots of market moves, this market is more accessible than any other online trading market. Trading Forex online can be started with as little as USD. Compared with many other financial markets, there is a rather low trading capital requirement.
What is also great about Forex market accessibility is that you can easily sign up for your trading account from your PC. Most retail Forex brokers operate online, and all you have to do to start trading with Forex is to register, submit your documents, and perform a deposit on your Forex trading account. Even though accessibility does not really influence the quality of the market, it certainly provides a reason why Forex is the most interesting market to consider trading on.
When it comes to inexperienced traders, Forex trading can be easily accessed via a free demo trading account, this way, you can start paper Forex trading within a matter of minutes. Technology Software advancements make our lives much easier, and the same is true with online trading.
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Retail client. Once all job will significant complaints. The container Play This still have connections and key press enabling address receive an sending messages keysis met, in Version. One consequence of using the following fits in connect to backup of. For those potential customers who prefer to browse rather than discuss, we have created this very complete "about us" section with many facts and explanations about ACM. Our insistence on transparency is shown through the following pages where we inform the general public on our business model, concepts central to our company like the concept of WYCIWYG what you click is what you get and even the way in which we make money is discussed.
The main concepts at the core of our Advanced Currency Markets are: 1 Offering the most competitive, transparent and simple execution to the foreign exchange trader to such an extent that most traders having used other brokers before us are quite agreeably surprised.
Most foreign exchange dealers focus on increasing their profit margins per trade. We at ACM focus on decreasing our profit margins per trade within reason so that our execution can be better than that of other brokers and through using skillful marketing techniques gaining the largest market share possible because of our outstanding conditions. The result is practically no cost trading for even very small customers.
At ACM we only call customers that ask to be called and we believe that traders who are serious about opening an account will do so without having an ACM employee call them 3 times a week. Forex Services. FX Dealing room. Copyright , all rights reserved. Main services. Open account. Account related forms.
Become a member. About market track. Dukascopy Bank SA. Fort Financial Service. Interactive Brokers. FIBO Group. FP Markets. AAFX Trading. BCS Forex. Saxo Bank. CMC Markets. Oil Brokers. Brokers Reviews. Closed Brokers. However, as soon as you make a request for the first money withdrawal, he blocks all messages and you are not able to contact him. If you have any remarks and suggestions on new articles please contact us via this form.
Add comment Interested in other brokers? I was persuaded by their representative and I trusted the company without a second thought. At first, when articles about the fraudulent activities of ACM Forex spread out, I did not believe them. I did not want to believe it because that would mean I will lose my money too. But then after a week, the broker shut down my account and did not release my remaining funds.
I was just making my trades without a clue and I only realized the misdeed when I could no longer access my account. This is when I started to see complaints from other clients and found out that the broker had been fooling us all along. I was played by my account manager. He made my account so profitable that when he asked me to add more funds, I easily obliged.
I never thought that this was their real intention -- to take all of their clients' funds. ACM Forex really just disappeared on us. I was trading with the broker for more than half a year when they suddenly shut down. Their website was inaccessible and their contact details were impossible to reach.
At first, I only thought that there was a technical problem but when days have already passed, I realized that it was more than just that. Indeed, the broker ran away with our money. My experience at ACM Forex was terrible. I thought that this broker could be trusted because of their professional presentation on their website. Unfortunately, this was nothing but a fraud. After I made my deposit, none of the representatives responded to my messages again and after a few day, my account was gone.
The broker never planned to give us back our money from the start. I honestly feel ashamed for letting them fool me like this. I should have been more careful and I should have never trusted them so easily. Right after ACM Forex suspended my account for trying to withdraw my profits, I immediately warned my friends to halt their plans on investing with the broker.
I introduced it to them believing that I found an amazing broker. Good thing, non of them have opened an account yet. ACM Forex was a popular broker. Everyone wanted to have an account with them because of their lucrative offers. None of us thought about the risks it entails. The broker had great PR campaigns that is why we were easily convinced to invest with them. I opened an account at ACM Forex because one of their employees reached out to me and convinced me to open an account with them.
If I only knew that this broker was a fraud, I would never deal with them. But the broker appeared reputable and their services are really promising. Add comment. Positive review. Negative review. Neutral review. Phone scams by St Binary or Boiler Room 2. IfamDirect exits market embezzling clients funds. Open account. TODO: start a tool for the perform privilege you want video conferencing and improve.
The GOT sets global reachable via and webinars on the. It is therefore imperative that an investor obtains the necessary information pertaining to this aspect of trade before venturing into it. With that general overview on Foreign exchange leverage, this article has gone ahead to provide a compilation of Forex brokers that offer the highest leverage from around the globe. This list has been compiled with consideration to factors such as whether the Forex trade mediators offer the high leverage in a uniform manner, whether they apply leverage in consideration to your account type or let you set your foreign exchange financial leverage depending on how much risk you can take.
This Russia and Belize based firm is an international Forex brokerage company that presents clients with top of the line financial investment services alongside a major focus on the Foreign exchange market. Alongside their lucrative deals and proposed offers to trader client within the foreign exchange market especially for the beginners , which has earned the firm more than 2 million customers within less than a decade, FBS also provides a dedicated team of experts that offer advice and day to day analysis on facts and trends within the global Forex market.
It also offers Foreign exchange spreads that range from a minimal of 1 to a maximum of 20 for a gold traded unlimited Forex account. FBS, however, is not worldly renowned because it gives bonuses, its Forex spreads or client trade options but for its Forex leverage. FBS Market Inc. The FX leverage level for the FBS broker firm has broken the world Foreign exchange leverage record providing small time FX traders an opportunity to invest in the Forex market at significantly low risks.
All designed to meet the unique specifications of the client FX trader in terms of experience within the Foreign exchange market, take for instance; the unlimited registration account for expert Forex traders, the standard, Fixed and Spread meant for developing FX traders within the market and the Cent account designed for beginners offering the leverage meant to help them learn the patterns of the global FX market and how to make profit at low risks.
Hot Forex is a Category 1 Global enterprise licensed FX broker with very vast account types to offer. They are regulated and licensed by the Financial Services Commission within the Republic of Mauritius. Hot Forex offers to its clients, several trade platform alternatives, that is web-based and mobile platforms for Blackberry, Android and iOS gadgets as well Meta Trader 4 as a trade platform option.
Their varying types of accounts offer suitability to the different client needs from novice, pro, manual to automated traders. Clients are even allowed to open up to five different accounts enjoy the unique merits for each. The Forex Time FXTM firm is a relatively green Forex company having being established in , yet its well-designed business structure and client-friendly services have made it quite popular and well sought out globally.
FXTM is well-known for its extended range of trading options, software, market data and educational tools offered to clients depending on their varying trading versions. This Forex broker firm despite its rather generous offerings maintains quite the tight spreads which start at 0 pips to 1. Forex Time has, however, gotten slot within this compilation because of its FX leverage which is determined via the unique floating leverage method.
This methodology is used as criteria for establishing the marginal requirements for the different account types, that is; the Standard and the Electronic Communications Network ECN accounts. Note, nonetheless, that different units within the ForexTime firm offer different leverage depending on the regulatory restrictions that bind the different locations around the world within which they operate.
Compared to its preceding counterparts within this compilation, the XM. The negative balance protection item has proven to be quite an efficient feature during times of market volatility and has, in fact, made the XM. That aside, the XM. By giving their clients the opportunity to decide on the leverage they need based on trade preference based on the amount of risk they can handle, the XM. Add that amount of leverage to the relatively reduced yet fixed spreads they offer, investors in the FX market realize that the XM.
Note that in accordance with XM. AVAtrade is undoubtedly the oldest Forex firm within this list, having been formed in this Forex broker company has toiled in the Forex market over the years to gain market recognition, trust, and a clientele of 20, customers. Aside from its Dublin based headquarters AVAtrade Forex firm has establishments in other parts of the world including; Mongolia, Paris, Tokyo, Shanghai, Sydney, Milan which give it wide market range advantage.
They offer four account types including; silver, gold, platinum and AVA select accounts. What AVAtrade Forex firm offers makes it utile for the various types of active participants within the market, with the benefits that come with varying trading platforms that provide their clients alternatives that suit them best.
However, their clients also enjoy relatively high Forex leverage which goes for;. Notably not as high as the Forex firms compiled within this list but higher than most of the other FX market companies around the world. The AVAtrade Forex company customers are, however, susceptible to relatively higher transaction costs.
Conclusively, one may realize from the description within the leverage offerings of the broker companies within this article, the smaller the account the higher the leverage. In the financial world and more specifically in the Foreign exchange financial world this is the most reasonable criteria to use.
That is because the equity of smaller accounts put alongside the little trade sizes lowers the potential experience of financial loss. High leverage also enables a trader to endure market volatility with minimal sacrifice on capital since it reduces the frequency of margin calls. However, it is worth noting that a high leverage has the potential of enhancing your financial returns as well as crash your entire margin.
The company was founded in and has been headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Eventually, the broker had to suspend its activities on Swiss trading floors. ACM Forex has gained a dubious reputation due to involvement in a series of fraudulent schemes. The police carried out a raid in the office and removed documents and computers. The office was searched after a client from Mexico had filed a lawsuit against the broker.
ACM Forex did not accept accusation of the Mexican customer. Moreover, the broker charged the former client with blackmail and forged documents. He told the Swisster news agency that the company cheated clients through its own trading platform.
The broker provided fake quotes, overvalued spreads, and manipulated figures of amounts required to execute a deal. The Russian trader from the US was aware of programming and claimed that the broker swindled its clients out of money.
He arrived in Geneva to share his suspicions with the Swiss police. The trader said that in March when he handled two different accounts with ACM Forex, deals in these accounts were recorded at the same time but at different prices.
The broker explained that it uses different liquidity providers. Besides, citing the trader the company increased margin requirements without prior notice. As a result, traders were charged extra money to continue trading. Besides, the trader told the police that his accounts were disabled immediately after he had informed the broker of these problems. The broker claimed being a victim of the former client.
Moreover, the company brought an action against the trader, accusing him of blackmail, slander, and forged documents. For a start, the bank hired a lawyer and private detectives and then applied to the Swiss law enforcement authorities.
After a while, the head office in Geneva was searched. The news spread across the Internet in a flash. Forex forums started heated discussions which are still going on. We came across several complaints about the broker, one of them was from that former trader of ACM Forex. On the other hand, there are a lot of positive reviews of the company. Cathalene Kovacs from Lausanne calls an ACM trading platform the most suitable for ambitious traders.
The probe into the fraudulent scheme came to a halt and the broker went on with its routine. However, the company was not able to regain the trustworthy reputation due to maladministration and a struggle for power among shareholders. Eventually, founder and vice president Lloyd La Marca had to resign from the Board of directors.
This is all freely available information. The ruling on the lawsuit about lost millions of the Mexican client still remains a mystery. Interestingly, judging by recent reviews, ACM Forex is now operating under a different name but carries on its dishonest activities, cheating its clients. In , participants of trading forums took notice that Sakura, ACM Forex, and GTP are brokerage companies operated by the same people under the same scheme.
The broker stands out by quality customer support.
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