You remember that meth is the prefix for just having only one carbon. We add the oxy because that oxygen is there. And it's attached to the two carbons on the propane chain, no matter what direction you start naming from, or numbering from. One, two, three. So this is 2-methoxypropane. Let's do another one. Let's do one more. And I think you'll get the gist of at least the reasonably simple ethers to name. So let's put a ring over there. And then that's attached to an oxygen.
And then we have another carbon chain right here. And then we have another carbon chain right there. Let me just copy and paste that so that I don't have to redraw it. So let me copy and paste. All right. So let's do the common name first. That always tends to be a little bit more fun. So on this side, we have one, two, three, four, five, six carbons in a cycle. This right here on the left hand side is a cyclohexyl group.
This on the right hand side, we have one, two, three. This is just a straight-up propyl group. And so when you name the ether, you just put these two groups in alphabetical order, and you add an ether at the end. So it's cyclohexyl.
C comes before p. So it's cyclohexyl propyl. Let me get that shade of yellow right. Cyclohexyl propyl ether. So you look for the longest carbon chain here. In this case, it's going to be the cyclohexane right here. We have one, two, three, four, five, six carbons there. We only have one, two, three there. So this is kind of our backbone.
So we write down cyclohexane. No double bonds, so it's a hexane. So that's the cyclohexane right there. If you just had these three carbons, it would be a propyl. But this is not just three carbons. It's three carbons and then an oxygen. So we would call it a propoxy. So this is propoxy group. And you don't have to number it because it can just be attached to any of these carbons.
It would essentially be the same molecule. So you can just call this propoxy cyclohexane. Let me make it a little bit closer to the cyclohexane. Propoxy cyclohexane. But once again the common name is what you're more likely to see. Now that we've named a few of them, let's think a little bit about their properties. What we've seen already is that-- and we've used it several times, especially in our Sn2 reactions and things like that-- places where we didn't want protons floating around.
We used actually diethyl ether. And in general ethers do make for good solvents. They tend to be fairly unreactive. So good solvents. Especially when you're looking for an aprotic solvent. Remember, aprotic means you don't have hydrogens that can kind of lose their electron to maybe an electronegative atom like an oxygen. And then the proton just floats around, and then can go and react with other things. This does not have any hydrogens directly bonded to an oxygen in any of these cases.
So it is an aprotic solvent. And because it doesn't have any hydrogens bonded to the oxygen, you also have no hydrogen bonding. And just as a bit of a review, you know that in water you have the situation-- let me draw some water molecules-- in water you have the situation where the oxygen hogs the electrons. So it has a partial negative charge. Hydrogen gets its electrons hogged or taken away, or it spends less time with them. So it has a partial positive charge. So this oxygen will have a partial negative charge.
And so the hydrogens with the partial positive charge are attracted to the oxygens with the partial negative charge. And you have this hydrogen bonding. And this hydrogen bonding makes water. It pulls the molecules together. So you need to put more energy into it for it to either melt, or for it to actually boil. And for the molecules to kind of get ripped away from each other. And that's also true with alcohols.
Alcohols only have one hydrogen to each oxygen, but they still have the hydrogen bonding going on. In the case of ethers, there is no hydrogen bonding. I'll represent each of the carbon chains with an R and an R. I'll write R prime right here to show that it could be a different carbon chain than this right here. And the R stands for radical. Not to be confused with free radical. Completely different things. This R just means really a carbon chain attached to this oxygen. But here there's no hydrogen getting its electrons hogged by oxygens with partial positive and partial negative charges.
So you're not going to have that type of hydrogen bonding. And because of that, ethers have much lower melting and boiling points. Blockchain mining, a peer-to-peer computer process, is used to secure and verify cryptographic secured transactions. Mining involves crypto miners who add cryptocurrency transaction data to global public ledger of past transactions.
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It processes equivalent to millions of dollars in bitcoin transactions and has never been hacked or experienced a downtime since its launch in What are Cryptocurrencies? Cryptocurrency, altcoins, and crypto tokens are often incorrectly used interchangeably in the digital currency world. However, cryptocurrency is the superset, and altcoins and crypto tokens are its two subset categories. A cryptocurrency is a standard currency used for making or receiving payments on the blockchain, with the most popular cryptocurrency being Bitcoin.
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Synthesis and cleavage of ethers Video transcript If we take a look at this ether, notice we have an R group on either side of our oxygen.
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| Khan academy ethereum | So I have an ethoxy off of carbon four. Khan academy ethereum if we were to number that, you could say that's the number 1 and number 2. In this case, it's going to be the cyclohexane right here. And we first, of course, take a look at the alkyl groups that we have khan academy ethereum to our oxygens. Nobody needs to know this is Alice transacting. So this would get a two over here. Why on earth would you possibly want to mess with a good thing? |
| Khan academy ethereum | That gives us the oxy. And here are some pretty amazing techniques that are used to make all this work. So, we should be moving relative to the Ether, or the Ether should be moving relative to us. So that's the medium. And literally it doesn't matter where you are in the world, as long as you have an internet connection, you can start transacting bitcoins. It processes equivalent khan academy ethereum millions of dollars in bitcoin transactions and has never been hacked or experienced a downtime since its launch in |
| St james palace stakes betting advice | And that group is coming off of carbon, too. Now, one of the first questions you might have-- and I kind of alluded to this earlier-- is why would Bob even want to accept bitcoins in the first place? And then you have this one, that has one, two carbons. And my hope is that by the end of this video series, you'll know not only what a bitcoin is, but you'll also understand the mechanics khan academy ethereum how transactions are initiated. Transactions are generally verified in decentralized clearing systems wherein people contribute computing resources to verify the same. |
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| Khan academy ethereum | When we're doing common nomenclature, we call this "ethyl methyl ether. And I look at my ether substituent, once again. And then we have another carbon chain right here. But I thought it was about time that we actually devoted a video or two to ethers. That's a methyl group. |
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| Khan academy ethereum | And you have this hydrogen bonding. Https://1xbetbookmakerregistration.website/000008875-btc-to-usd/6958-zelda-link-between-worlds-timeline-placement-tests.php the water is moving in that direction. Then we often take it for granted that there are people out there who may not have access to a credit card, who may not have khan academy ethereum bank account. So this is kind of our backbone. You look at the two carbon groups here. Insurance, Healthcare, Accounting, Supply chain, retail, food traceability, pharmaceuticals, legal, education and upwards of 55 unique incumbent and emerging industries- all looking to hire technical and non-technical blockchain talent. |
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