Also, a maximum of four members would be allowed in a consortium. The successful bidder would be required to mandatorily lock in at least 40 per cent of the equity capital for five years from the date of acquisition. It further said that the selection of the qualified interested parties and the amount of equity stake such entities would hold in IDBI Bank would be decided by the Reserve Bank and the bidder would have to clear the 'Fit and Proper' assessment done by the banking regulator.
The last date for submission of bids or Expression of Interest EoI by potential buyers is December The government and LIC hold Public shareholders hold 5. The government will sell After stake sale, the combined shareholding of LIC and the government will come down to 34 per cent. At the current market price, the The introduction of in-play betting has allowed bookmakers to increase the number of markets available to bet on during sports events, and gamblers are able to place bets based on many different types of in-game activity during the matches.
For example, in football matches, it is possible to bet in on in-play markets including the match result, half-time score, number of goals scored in the first or second half of the game, the number of yellow cards during the match, and the name of the goal scorers. The availability of a particular sport and in-play markets varies from bookmaker to bookmaker. Researchers have previously referred to the role of structural characteristics in the acquisition, maintenance, and development of online gambling behaviours Parke and Griffiths Structural characteristics are those features that are inherent within the game itself and include features that are responsible for reinforcement and may in some cases facilitate excessive gambling Griffiths et al.
These characteristics include, but are not limited to, bet frequency the number of bets placed within a given time frame , event frequency the number of gambling events that are available to bet on in a given period , and pay-out frequency the time between the end of the betting event and receiving the winning payment Griffiths and Auer In-play sports betting has structural characteristics that have changed the mechanics of gambling for sports bettors, as they are now able to place a larger number of bets during a single sports game as opposed to a single bet on who is going to win.
It has been argued that structural characteristics of an event, including higher event frequency betting, are associated with problem gambling Griffiths and Auer ; Harris and Griffiths One of the most important differences between being able to place an in-running sports bet opposed to a pre-match bet is that the nature of the market has been turned what was previously a discontinuous form of gambling into a continuous one Griffiths ; Griffiths and Auer The gambling study literature has suggested that in-play sports betting may offer more of a risk to problem gamblers because it allows the option for high-speed continuous betting and requires rapid and impulsive decisions in the absence of time for reflection Hing et al.
Furthermore, marketing messages promoting online sports gambling have been become increasingly prevalent to media audiences Lopez-Gonzalez and Griffiths b. Sports betting is one of the most commonly promoted forms of gambling in many countries, and access to this marketing activity has been associated with sports betting problems Hing et al. Advertisements often promote online sports betting as being easily accessible, anywhere at any time, using a mobile or other internet compatible device Hing et al.
There has also been a growth in in-play sports betting advertising. For example, within a sample of British and Spanish sports betting advertisements, in-play betting was prevalent in just under half of the adverts Lopez-Gonzalez et al. One popular form of gambling advertising is the promotion of wagering inducements. These are often inducements that are promoted during a live event, and it has been suggested that doing so may promote impulse betting, where those placing a bet have an immediate chance to place the incentivised bet via a platform Lamont et al.
Inducements promoted during an in-match sporting event have been cited as a practice that may encourage in-play impulse betting intentions Lamont et al. Gambling companies have been known to promote mobile betting over other forms of gambling in their advertisements Lopez-Gonzalez et al. A main cognitive heuristic involved in the maintenance of gambling behaviour is the illusion of control Langer ; Griffiths The illusion of control generates an expectency of success that is inappropriately higher than is objectively warranted Langer In-play sports has the potential to enhance the illusion of control because gamblers are often able to dictate the speed of play, the volume of betting, and amount of money wagered, which may enhance both psychological perception and investments of control over their sports bet placement.
Method Design and Materials A scoping study was carried out to investigate in-play sports betting. A scoping review differs from traditional literature reviews in that it is a preliminary assessment of the potential size and scope of the available research literature and there is no attempt to control for the quality of the data or where it was obtained Kavanagh et al.
Scoping reviews also tend to address broader topics where many different study designs might be applicable, rather than focusing on a well-defined research question. They may also include information from non-academic sources e. As far as the authors are aware, the present paper is the first to examine availability of literature relating to online in-play sports betting and its specific features on online platforms.
The scoping study focused on the following questions: i What in-play betting features have been made available to online sports betting users? The studies were selected if they contained the following criteria: i being published in English and ii including any information e. Furthermore, reference lists of retrieved studies were also searched to identify any additional relevant studies. A flow diagram demonstrating this process is shown in Appendix Fig.
Academic papers and grey literature were examined to identify any information relating to in-play sports betting. Internet gambling websites were visited to see what features were currently available for in-play sports betting users. The gambling websites visited were included for review if i they offered an online sports betting service, and ii it was possible to access the website in English.
This resulted in a total of online gambling websites from around the world being visited and reviewed. These were examined to understand what in-play sports betting products, if any, were available for that website. Results and Preliminary Discussion In-Play Literature After conducting a systematic literature search, papers were identified.
Once duplicate articles had been removed using Mendeley software and manual searching, papers remained. Of these, 16 papers were identified which included empirical data or theorised about in-play sports betting in the gambling study literature. Table 1 Academic papers that discuss or empirically studied in-play sports betting in alphabetical order of first author Full size table Behavioural Tracking Data Prior to , online gambling studies were predominantly based on self-reported methods and data Griffiths et al.
Since then, a number of studies have utilised behavioural tracking datasets provided by gaming operators Griffiths Datasets provided by bwin have resulted in a series of empirical contributions regarding actual online gambling behaviour Braverman and Shaffer ; Braverman et al. Using a dataset of nearly 47, European gamblers, analyses have been conducted using two main approaches: i general behaviour descriptions of people who used one particular type of gambling product and ii behavioural data pertaining to account closures and the use of online responsible gambling features.
In-play sports betting is one form of online gambling which has been examined in relation to its association with problem gambling. The remainder of this section looks at the main findings of these studies. LaBrie et al. This was a longitudinal study of sports gambling behaviour consisting of sample of 40, subscribers, studied over an 8-month period. The aim of the study was to describe Internet gambling behaviour, which was determined by analysing three variables converted to measure gambling involvement: number of daily bets, money bet, and money won.
They found that within a sample of online sports bettors, in-play sports bettors as opposed to those classified as fixed-odds gamblers who placed their bets prior to sports event starting were more likely to be categorised as heavily involved gamblers based on number of bets, amount wagers and net losses when compared to fixed-odds gamblers.
It was also noted that players other than the account holder may have bet using the online account LaBrie et al. Finally, LaBrie et al. LaPlante et al. However, this pattern was not seen amongst a sub-group of heavily involved bettors, particularly for in-play sports bettors. Those that placed bets in-play were found to maintain high levels of betting in the period following on from the initial subscription.
Several limitations of the study were noted. For example, it was not possible to determine whether the sample utilised other online gambling activities as well as sports betting outside of the bwin website. It is possible that the decrease in gambling activity may have been because bettors moved their betting activity to a different gambling service provider.
If this was the case, then it is noted that the overall gambling activity would have been underestimated. Behavioural Markers for At-Risk Gambling Studies using the bwin dataset have also aimed to identify problem gambling in its early stages. When players surpass what is considered a normal level of gambling activity, they may be categorised at risk of developing gambling problems or already engaged in too much gambling.
Some research has utilised behavioural tracking data in an attempt to identify such thresholds with the aim of detecting markers for problem gambling at the earliest opportunity. Braverman and Shaffer examined whether several gambling characteristics could serve as predictors of future gambling-related problems using a sample of in-play sports bettors who went on to close their accounts due to gambling-related problems after a 1-month period.
Four characteristics were considered when gamblers initially started betting: i gambling frequency number of betting days , ii gambling intensity number of bets per day , iii gambling trajectory the tendency to increase or decrease the amount of wagered money and iv gambling variability the standard deviation of wagers. They found that gamblers who were more likely to close their online betting account due to gambling-related problems initially demonstrated a higher pattern of high variability, high intensity, and high variability of wager sizes when in-play gambling than the gamblers who did not report gambling-related problems upon closing their account.
Although it is not possible to determine why there was a relationship between high wager intensity and variability and gambling-related problems, it was speculated that external factors e. Although this study focused on the behaviour of in-play bettors, it was noted that some participants engaged in very little in-play betting during their first month or during the 2-year gambling period.
It is possible that these bettors participated in other gambling activities e. Subsequently, there is no clinical evidence of the participant experiencing gambling-related problems. Brosowski et al. They analysed behavioural data from 27, bwin subscribers that included the use of eight gambling products by players over a period of 7 months.
Engaging in in-play betting or poker were significant predictors of at-risk gambling after controlling for multiple game involvement. One limitation of this study is that data were not collected to confirm whether the participant gambled with any other provider or whether they were the sole user of the account.
Secondly, it is not known what marketing interventions were offered by bwin around the time of recruitment. Braverman et al. The other half of the sample consisted of subscribers who did not have an RG flag at the time of study. The analysis identified two groups of online gamblers who had a higher risk of developing gambling problems. The first group engaged in multiple gambling activities and demonstrated a high wager variability on casino games in their first month on using the gambling website.
The second group participated in two different gambling types and demonstrated high variability for in-play sports betting. One limitation of this research was the method used to describe betting behaviour. The difference in the number of bets and the stake size between the first and second half of the month were calculated and used this information to categorise the gamblers into one of three groups: stable, increasing, and decreasing.
Another limitation was that the bwin responsible gambling program is used as an indicator of gambling-related problems but has not been evaluated against clinical evaluation Braverman et al. These data were then analysed alongside online gambling patterns. After controlling for breadth the number of games an individual plays and depth as measured by the number of days spent gambling of gambling involvement, the study found a relationship between in-play betting and gambling-related problems remained.
One limitation of this research was that it utilised an online self-report survey the BBGS to assess pathological gambling. An independent clinical validation of the self-reported BBGS assessment was not provided, and the BBGS is a relatively new screen that requires further validation. Therefore, the results were subject to limitations associated with self-report methodology LaPlante et al.
Some studies have used the utilisation of online responsible gambling features by players on online gambling platforms to make inferences about online gambling behaviour including in-play betting. Gray et al. Subscribers triggered RG interventions by engaging with bwin customer service representatives concerning various responsible gambling tools e. When gambling behaviour of the bwin subscribers was compared to a group of control subscribers, indices of the intensity of gambling activity e.
A limitation of this particular study was that triggering an RG feature does not serve as a guaranteed indicator that the user has experienced a gambling-related problem Gray et al. This supports previous research showing that those using responsible gambling tools such as limit-setting Nelson et al.
However, if there is an association between engaging in in-play sports betting and disordered gambling, the direction remains unclear Gray et al. A limitation of using players who set voluntary limits as a population of study is that they may not be representative of all subscribers with problems.
Only a small subset of people with gambling-related problems actively seek help for that problem Slutske ; therefore, the researchers are limited with the conclusions that can be proposed about gambling-related problems from those who do not seek help Nelson et al. Xuan and Shaffer reported on the behaviour of in-play gamblers using the bwin dataset. The gambling behaviour of a sample of bwin subscribers who later went on to close their account was compared to a control group of subscribers.
In-play wagering patterns were a significant behavioural marker for players who then went on to close their betting account. Those gamblers with account closures demonstrated higher stakes per bet and increased monetary losses but a more conservative betting strategy prior to closing their account. Studies by Braverman and Shaffer and Xuan and Shaffer complement the findings of one another in respect to identifying in-play betting behaviours that act as indicators to future gambling-related problems gambling.
However, there are limitations for the methodology that was used. Behaviour was only analysed for players who closed their accounts during a select period, a very small proportion of the total bwin sample 1. Only in-play betting behaviour was investigated, and it has been noted that it is likely that these gamblers also gamble on other games e.
Broda et al. Their period of analyses was longer than that of Nelson et al. However, only a small percentage of players 0. However, this was the only study that reported no difference in betting behaviour between players who placed fixed-odds bets and those who placed live action in-play bets. However, one major limitation of the study was that although the deposit limit amount that led to issuing a notification message may differ between participants, it was not possible to analyse whether different limits were associated with different effects on gambling behaviour because these data were not available Broda et al.
Self-Reported Gambling Behaviour A few studies utilising self-report methods have been carried out with the aim of attempting to identify behavioural, psychological and socio-demographic predictors of sports gamblers including those who bet in-play. Within a sample of Australian sports gamblers, more impulsive sports gamblers were found to have higher problem gambling severity scores and were more likely to place a higher number of their bets on impulse in-play sports gambling, as opposed to betting on pre-match outcomes Hing et al.
However, the authors noted that causal directions were unclear because it may be that placing impulsive in-play bets leads to the development of gambling problems, or conversely, that at-risk and problem gamblers are more likely to place impulse bets in-play. Therefore, in-play betting may be more likely to promote impulsive behaviour, although there is currently no empirical evidence available to support this relationship Lopez-Gonzalez and Griffiths Hing et al.
Sports bettors who engaged in more than one type of gambling showed higher problem gambling severity measured using the Problem Gambling Severity Index; Ferris and Wynne Higher problem gambling severity was associated with a less planned, more impulsive approach to sports betting, particularly in-play sports betting.
People who planned and researched their bets prior to an event were found to have significantly lower PGSI scores than those who did not. Limitations of this study include its use of self-report data that is subject to recall, social desirability and other biases, and that its use of cross-sectional design does not allow for the determination of causality Hing et al.
Lopez-Gonzalez et al.
NEAR EAST COLLEGE NICOSIA BETTING
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In case of a tie or no action in a game: A parlay is reduced to the next lowest number of plays. A two-team parlay becomes a straight bet. For NBA games, action becomes live only if no less than 43 minutes of play are completed. For all other Basketball leagues, action becomes live only if no less than 35 minutes of play are completed unless otherwise specified.
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Starting Pitchers must throw at least one pitch for wager to be deemed 'Action'. NOTE: In the event that games in a doubleheader are scheduled for 7 innings only such as the MLB season the game must go 7 innings 6. Money Lines will be official after 5 innings of play. All baseball series wagers will be graded as action as long as the first two games have been played and completed. If a team is up in the series and then game three gets canceled it will be graded as action.
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All baseball props must go the full 9 8, if the Home Team is Winning innings unless otherwise stated. They also must start the listed pitchers. In the rare occurrence that a baseball games goes at least the full 9 innings and finishes tied as a result of a suspension of play, all money line bets are pushed, but all run line and total bets will have action.
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The field or Any Other Scorer refers to any player not specifically listed. Highest Scoring Period: If 2 or more periods have the same score Tie will be settled as the winner. This wagering option does NOT include overtime or shootouts. All soccer bets will be settled on 90 minutes of play. This includes any time added by the referee in respect of injuries and other stoppages.
In major knock-out tournaments, for example the latter stages of the World Cup, where a winner is required in order to progress to the next leg, bets are still settled on 90 minutes of play. Match details, such as dates and kick-off times, displayed on the website are for guidance only and may be amended or taken off the board at any time.
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For soccer wagering, in order to place your bet correctly you must predict the result of at least one game choosing either: the Home team OR the Away team OR a draw Should you parlay multiple games together, you must win all games in the parlay in order to collect any winnings. Bets taken on 'Half Time Results' will be settled on 45 minutes of the first half plus any added injury time or stoppage time.
Bets taken on 'First Goal Scorer' will be void if the player does not take part in the game or enters the game after a goal has already been scored. Bets taken on 'Last Goal Scorer' will be void if the player does not play or enters the game as a substitute. Bets taken on 'Draw No Bet' must predict which team wins the match in regular time 90 minutes plus any time added by the referee in respect of injuries and other stoppages. In the event of the match ending in a draw tie , bets will have 'no action'.
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When betting on 'Soccer Special Props' or 'Match Specials' you are required to predict the team or teams to win the game, event, tournament, competitions, match-up or any other situation within the game. Any cancelled or postponed game will cause the entire event to have 'no action'. Soccer Specials will be settled on 90 minutes of play. Beach Soccer is based on 36 minutes of play 3 periods of 12 minutes followed by extra periods and penalty shots, if necessary, to decide who wins the match.
Bets are graded on normal regulation time 36 minutes plus any time added by the referee in respect of injuries and other stoppages. Extra Time and Penalty Shoot-Outs do not count for wagering purposes. Asian Handicap Betting RulesAsian Handicaps are designed to eliminate the possibility of a draw in a Soccer match, reducing the match to two possible outcomes.
Asian Handicaps are applied to the match in order to make the prices more equal. It varies from Scratch 0 up to any number of goals in order to balance the odds and give each of the two teams relatively similar price. The favorite in a match will have a negative handicap and the underdog will receive a positive handicap. The handicap will be substracted or added to the final score. If the number of goals for each team are level after the handicap has been applied, it will be a push.
Split Ball handicaps: where the level of favouritism is between a half ball and a whole ball. In this case the bet is being split equally between the whole ball and half ball handicaps. If the game is drawn, then the If Chelsea loses, then both parts of the bet lose. If the player signs for a club that isn't quoted in the market, all bets placed on that player to move to a specified club will stand and will be settled as losers.
For tournament match-up betting, both players listed in the match-up must tee-off for your bet to be deemed 'Action'. The player with the most completed holes wins. If the players complete the same number of holes, then the player with the lowest score wins. If the players are still tied then the wager shall be deemed 'no-action' and all monies will be refunded.
If both golfers in a match-up are in a playoff, the winner of play-off wins the match-up. Should a tournament be shortened, or otherwise affected, due to weather conditions the official result will be used when settling, regardless of the number or rounds played. However, should there be no further play after a bet is struck that bet will be void.
Single day match-ups are wagers on the particular day's holes. Single Day match-ups do not include holes played as part of a completion from the previous day's round or playoff holes considered part of the overall tournament score. Should a day's round be shortened, or otherwise affected, due to weather conditions and the round is continued the next day, the full 18 holes shall be considered in determining the outcome of the bet even if they are played over two days.
Both golfers must tee off for action. If both players end the 18 holes in a tie, the money line wagers shall be refunded and stroke line wagers will be deemed 'Action'. For single round-single player propositions, all 18 holes must be completed.
Golf Odds to Win: All wagers are action, regardless if the player plays in the tournament or not Stroke Line Betting: In golf the lower score wins. In the case of a tie or multiple players finishing in the top 5 or top 10 position, wagers will be paid using full price value even on ties.
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The official winner at the conclusion of the race shall be the winner for betting purposes. Rules for Finishing Top 3: In the case of a tie or multiple players finishing in the top 3 position, wagers will be paid using our Dead Heat Rule.
Races must be run within one week of the scheduled date for your bet to have action. If a match is abandoned or postponed not played on the scheduled day all bets are no action, except bets on the first try scorer if a try has been scored prior to abandonment. If a venue is changed, bets will stand unless the game is to be played at the original away team's ground in which case all bets will be no action. Bets taken on first try scorer will be no action if the player does not take part in the game or comes on after a try has already been scored.
All betting is for 80 minutes play only, i. The official stopping of a round before the sounding of the bell does not constitute a full round. A full round is only considered for wagering purposes when the bell sounds signifying the end of said round. In the event of a draw, moneys on the fight itself will be refunded. However, specific fight propositions must come as stated, such as a draw, either fighter by knockout or decision or a specific round knockout etc. Rounds propositions will be governed by the rules posted on our wagering sheets or as stated at the time of the wager.
In the event that either fighter does not make the required weight but the bout goes on, the following stipulations apply: When the bell sounds for the first round, the bout will be considered official, regardless of the scheduled length or title. The bout must have the original scheduled length to have action on a rounds proposition.
General Rules Bets will be settled on the official result immediately after the fight. Later announcements, enquiries or changes to the official result won't affect settlement. In the event of a wrong result being read out in error, then bets will be settled on the corrected result. If a fighter is substituted all bets on the fight will be made void. If the fight is postponed due to a fighter pulling out then bets will be void.
If a fight gets moved to another UFC event then all bets placed before the change of schedule will stand. If the fight is declared a No Contest then bets will be void. A total listed on a fight represents the total number of completed rounds. The halfway point of a round is at exactly one minute and thirty seconds into a three minute round. The halfway point of a two minute round is at the one minute mark. The halfway point of a five minute round is at the two minutes and thirty seconds mark.
If a bout is stopped during a round, before 2 mins 30 seconds will be deemed as under with anything after this time deemed as over. For Example: If Total Rounds 2. If the fight is stopped at exactly 2 minutes 30 seconds of the round bets will be graded as the over as the winner.
Results settled according to first official result declared by WWE. If fewer than two full sets for three set games or three full sets for five set games are completed all wagers will be considered no action. To win a specific set. I a set is completed then bets on the market to win that Set will stand. Total Games: The total will be the score of the two players combined, In the event of a match starting but not being completed then all bets on total games will be void, unless 2 full set have been complete then the wager will be valid.
And a tie break is considered as one game for grading purposes. At the end of the match all of the games each individual player wins is calculated and the handicap applied to determine the handicap winner. A Handicap Tie selection may exist. In the event of a disqualification or retirement before 2 full sets have been completed, then all wagers will be void. Match bets will be settled according to the winner determined by official competition rules including the case where matches are shortened due to adverse weather conditions or decided a bowl off , unless the winner is determined by the toss of a coin or the drawing of lots, in which case all match bets will be void.
If the match is tied and the official competition rules do not determine a winner, dead heat rules will apply to bets on the outright result unless the outcome is settled by a bowl off or super over, in which case the result of the bowl off or super over will stand for match betting. If the competition rules determine the winner by a toss of a coin or drawing of lots or higher seeding resulting from a previous round then bets will be void.
Fantasy Rules top Fantasy props are graded based on Yahoo Sports fantasy lines. Financial props bets are based on the last two digits tenths and hundreths of a point posted on the market at closing time. Wagers will be graded after the closing bell after 4pm eastern standard time, and reference with marketwatch. The bet is to hit the over or under on a particular stock price in a particular date determined by the Lines makers.
In an event of a push, all stakes for that particular stock are refunded. The Bitcoin price at a given time is determined by the [O]PEN price of the minute candle beginning at the time in question, Eastern time, as published by Bitstamp. An In Game 'Live' bet is where the End User is permitted to place a bet during an ongoing match or event up to such time when the site ceases betting on that match or event.
The settlement of a bet is determined by the result of the final score including the handicap at the conclusion of the match or Period Betting depending on the nature of the bet , minus the current score at the time of the placing and acceptance of the bet. The settlement of a bet is determined by the result of the final score including the handicap at the conclusion of the match or Period Betting depending on the nature of the bet.
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